EDSITEment's "A Teacher's Guide for Shakespeare", EDSITEment is a project of theNational Endowment for the Humanities, Folger Shakespeare Library digital text for, Chicago's Shakespeare Theatre essay, "1604 and All That, Folger Shakespeare Library's "American Moor,", Lexicons of Early Modern EnglishDatabase(, Lexicons of Early Modern English Database (, Gilchrist, K. J. Approximations: Iago as a Plautine leno, Shakespeare's Julius Caesar: Leadership and a Global Stage, "Not of an age, but for all time": Teaching Shakespeare, Iago's mastery of rhetoric: So they can more fully appreciate Iago's rhetorical skill, students should be introduced to (or reminded about) rhetoric and rhetorical devices before jumping immediately into the play. O, I have lost my reputation!" Creating notes and highlights requires a free LitCharts account. It is Cassio's courtly manner that makes him Othello's lieutenant; for Othello sees Cassio as a model Venetian, all poise and polish, which is something Othello wants to be, but thinks he is not. Cassio leaves, and Iago says that he intends to get Cassio drunk, which will hopefully cause a quarrel between Cassio and Roderigo, who has been stirred up against Cassio. Meanwhile, despite Iago's demands that she obey him and be quiet. "I will turn her virtue into pitch," he says of Desdemona, hearkening back to the light/dark imagery earlier in the act. "He'll be as full of quarrel and offense as my young mistress' dog" (II.iii.51-52). This quote is comparing Cassio to a dog. Her eye must be fed. Later on in the play we find that Iago refers to those he resents as whip me such honest knaves the fact that he uses deception of honesty for his trickery to take place means that through honesty he is able to control those around him almost like pawns in a chest game. Assisting any children who may require extra support. Iagos very language reveals the level at which his evil mind works. What report does Iago give to Othello and the others about the incident? A terrible storm has struck Cyprus, just as the Turks were about to approach. Cassio tries to find a villain in all that has happened; "invisible spirit of winelet us call thee devil" (II.iii.282-283). He plays on Roderigo's anger and Cassio's low tolerance of alcohol. Insecure He has been passed over for the job of Lieuetenant. Othello can't analyze realityhe can't even differentiate between Emilia's and Desdemona's voices. Iago's speech also plays on Othello's insecurities perfectly; he speaks of Othello's age, race, and manners as reasons why Desdemona will grow tired of him, which are also reasons why Othello fears he might lose her. However, this is not the only place where it is seen that Iago uses negativity. Without it, he sees himself as a beast, using the kind of animal imagery that other racist characters had used only to describe Othello. Othello is just as decisive as he was in earlier scenes, but now he, too, has been tricked by Iago and his actions only further Iago's plot. Roderigo is deceived by Iago whom he trusted so dearly, However, along with his word choice, Iago is clever at the timing of what he says. As the enraged and drunken Cassio attempts to attack Roderigo, Montano steps in to stop him. It is engenderd. By saying he doesn't know what happened, Iago makes it look like he is trying to protect Cassio.. As usual, Iago pretends that he does not want to say what he is about to say, which makes what he. Othello keeps up his strong, quiet dignity in contrast to Iago's flurry of manipulations. Emilia 5. Which character recruits Iago to woo Desdemona? Detailed quotes explanations with page numbers for every important quote on the site. Fordefinitions of "Moor" contemporary with Shakespeare, go first to the, Lastly, students should be introduced to the Roman god. Cassio despairs at his lost reputation: "O, I have lost my reputation! Instant downloads of all 1699 LitChart PDFs Find the misspelled word in each sentence. Iago had been convincing Roderigo that money can buy him anything, even Desdemona's love. Dont waste Your Time Searching For a Sample. Students should note that Iago is quite right about reputation being "oft got without merit." Cassio mourns the demise of his "reputation" above all else. By refusing to speak, Iago retains some of the directorial control of events that he has striven for throughout: he never reveals his inner reality to the other characters. Iago is saying this quote and it is addressed to Cassio. We blame Iago for the deaths that occur in the play, we also come to find that Iagos true personality were revealed to the other characters at the end of the play, but only at the expensive of other characters lives. An example of Iagos timing of jealousy is when he speaks to Roderigo of the suspicions regarding Desdemonas love for Othello. Iago, much more than anyone else in the play, is always aware of what his status and his chances are; he is sharp enough to know when his plans are going to work, and when he needs to change his approach. Iago describes how he will stage yet another scene and control how the other characters will interpret it, much as a playwright does with every scene he or she writes. Othello arrives to see about the commotion, and finding Cassio at fault, dismisses him from his position. Iago's convincing rhetoric clearly reveals what a powerful-and dangerous-tool language can be, especially when used by the eloquent, but unscrupulous, individual. In this Iago confides that he plays two roles, one which is him in reality his true greedy and obsessive side in which the audience finds him in his soliloquies and the other, when he is the company of others and is referred to as honest Iago or good friend. Othello What becomes of the Turkish threat? As the enraged and drunken Cassio attempts to attack Roderigo, Montano steps in to stop him. -Graham S. In changing her story, Desdemona tries to spare Othello from the punishments he will receive, proving her love and devotion to him to the very last. 90 - 150 per day (Depending on Experience and Qualifications) How do Wheatley and Adams cope with: slavery; lack of security due to inaction; absolute power of men? Video. Updating the audience about his secret plans, Iago continues to act as a "director." In the order of their appearance, list the characters who arrive from Venice in Scene 1. Students love them!, Requesting a new guide requires a free LitCharts account. Teachers and parents! They drowned and were defeated in battle. This represents the true characteristics of Iago through masculinity and his dominance over other characters throughout the play. Interpret words and phrases as they are used in a text, including determining technical, connotative, and figurative meanings, and analyze how specific word choices shape meaning or tone. What might have been a reason for Shakespeare to employ this change at the end of the act? Find related themes, quotes, symbols, characters, and more. The Shakespearean play of Othello was written as a drama or literary tradition in which the main character or protagonist is brought to ruin or suffers from an extreme sorrow, in this instance Othello. He knows exactly what to say and when to say it to incite jealousy within anyone he wishes. "He'll be as full of quarrel and offense / as my young mistress' dog" (Scene 3, lines 46-47) What does this quote mean? In comparison to his frantic, epileptic state in the prior scenes, Othello now seems dignified. Ensuring the class stays on task. Creating notes and highlights requires a free LitCharts account. But it may also be that it is because of Iagos Jealousy that he has to belittle those around him in order to feel good about his own misfortune. Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices. What are the reasons? When Lodovico shows up at the beginning of Act 4, Othello is already completely overtaken by Iago's influence. Desdemona arrives later with Iago and Emilia. The diverse set of activities below include short group performances, writing exercises, and the guided use of online dictionaries and concordances to study Shakespeare's language. Lies and deceits are common in society, and many individuals mask their true intentions with a veneer. But what is a Moor and what did it mean to be a Moor in Shakespeare's time? Roderigo is told by Iago that if he tells Brabantio that Othello and Desdemona are married than Brabantio might get them divorced or break them up. Iago wants Brabantio, Desdemona's father, to dislike the Moor because Othello did not make Iago his lieutenant. Our, "Sooo much more helpful thanSparkNotes. Iago takes advantage of this flaw, and sets the quarrel in motion. Shakespeare portrays through the speech, Iago's lack of moral scruples, his delusional state of mind and his powers of manipulation and foresight. Despite Iago's confession to Rodrigo, he continues to trust this two-faced "confidante" who swears "by Janus," and who sows doubt, destruction and despair in the paths of all he encounters. Who says this? Oil on canvas, ca. The play Othello was written by William Shakespeare between 1600 and 1605. What does he say to Cassio privately? A storm has dispersed the Venetian fleet so that Cassio arrives first, anxious for Othello's safety. Conclude the class by asking the students how they view Iago, Desdemona, Othello, and Brabantio as based on what they have read and discussed. Either as an in-class exercise or as a homework assignment, students can use worksheet 2, In class, the teacher should focus on Iago's introduction of the words "jealousy," "cuckold" and "monster" into his rhetoric. Students shall have a choice of doing one of two things: either writing and performing a persuasive speech OR writing an essay in which persuasive technique in the play is analyzed. In effect, he is defining himself as both an insider. The audience believes that this reason is inadequate and that it is only because of Othellos good fortune that he has decided to plot his revenge against Othello. Roderigo believes him, blinded by his love for Desdemona, and sells his land to get money for gifts. Among these are the units of language, grammatical concepts and their origins, how languages differ and resemble each other, and the history of Which lines could foreshadow trouble? Yet, at the same time, when he tells of stabbing the Turk, he also stabs himself. Even so, Desdemona's arrival and then exit with Othello shows her continued obedience to Othello, and, more importantly, his confidence in that obedience. Let not thy discreet heart think it. . Othello? He exploits Roderigos love for Desdemona, cajolesCassio under the guise of friendship, and toys with Othellos, After Iagos plan of getting Desdemonas father involved against Othello and Desdemonas relationship in the council chamber fails, Roderigo finds himself depressed. Teach your students to analyze literature like LitCharts does. However, all does not go according to plan; first Cassio does not die and then the entire plot is revealed to by Iagos wife, Emilia. Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices. During the time of Shakespeare, females were often treated and viewed in society as second-rate to men. By continuing, you agree to our Terms and Conditions. Bhaskar Singh Bora . Examine iago's language at the end of Act Two. Also, ask students to examine and write down Iago's reasons for wishing to appear false to Othello (see especially 1.1.833; I.3.368386; and 2.1.268294). Indeed, in terms of eloquence, Othello-not Iagohas the final word. are among the most famous in the play. He reassures Cassio that Othello is only angry, and will soon forgive him, Iago misleads everyone by pretending to be innocent of how the fight began and by pretending to be sympathetic to Cassio, when in actual fact, Iago was the one responsible for it all. Iago decides that this is good enough a reason as any, even though he has no evidence whatsoever, he explains this when he says will do as if for surety. this quote suggests to the audience that Iago is saying his plot is so evil that hell and night shall give birth to it. GradeSaver, 29 September 2014 Web. Othello Study Guide | GradeSaver . What might have been a reason for Shakespeare to employ this change at the end of the act? Roderigo recruits Iago to woo Desdemona for humself. Detailed explanations, analysis, and citation info for every important quote on LitCharts. An illustration of text ellipses. In this Iago says that he shall take Desdemonas pure hearts content goodness in which he will spawn a net of destruction to ruin them all. It also allows the audience to see the true traits, personality and characteristics of the character, in this instance where the characters keep referring Iago as honest Iago or good friend but in fact the audience knows that this is not true because they were filled in on the soliloquies and therefore builds a sense of dramatic irony. Shakespeare highlights that Iago has control over the characters and everyone is vulnerable to his tricks. 1857. Iago's speech style Language is the source of Iago's power, but his characteristic idiom is different from Othello's. It is full of colloquialisms and oaths, befitting a cynical soldier. Iago's facility with language reveals his cunning and intelligence, and makes his manipulation of Othello believable. In this lesson, students explore the basis of Iago's persuasive power by analyzing his astonishing command of rhetoric and figurative language. "Othello Act II Summary and Analysis". I know our country disposition well;/ in Venice they do let heaven see the pranks/They dare not show their husbands; Their best conscience/ Is not to leave't undone, but keep't unknown. Iagos exact choice of words in this quote is very significant because not only are they racist and distasteful, they are dehumanizing Othello. He describes Desdemona as one who "excels the quirks of blazoning pens"; he calls her "divine Desdemona," but at the same time, wishes Othello much joy of her (II.i.62, 72). Much of the answer must lie in Iago's skillful manipulation of rhetorical skills. Iago uses this metaphor to manipulate Roderigo into going to Desdemona's father and telling him that his daughter is married to the Moor, Othello. Software. Horreur! In the quotation previous to this one, Roderigo is telling Iago that the plan to win Desdemona over was simply not going to work. situation and in Othello's statement, "Iago is most honest."(II, iii, 7) 14. Also the fact that William Shakespeare only allows the main characters to speak the truth is in his soliloquies. Iago asks if Cassio knew who he was chasing after, but Cassio says that he can't remember anything distinctly. Complete your free account to request a guide. A remarkable resource maintained by the University of Toronto, the Early Modern English Dictionary Database (EMEDD) makes accessible the contents of dictionaries, glossaries, grammars, and encyclopedias published in England from 1500 to 1660. How does Charles Dickens in the early part of Oliver Twist use the character Oliver to present his view of an unfair and corrupt world? Iago kills Emilia because she did betray himbut she betrayed him for the greater good, and Iago's violence toward her is more graphic and terrible than the smothering of Desdemona, bringing home his full villainy. How does the setting change from Act 1 to the Act 2? Othello secretly marries Desdemona, the daughter of a Venetian Senator, which is when Iago gets his plan to get rid of Othello with the help of his subordinate, Roderigo. Rodgerio and Iago have had a bit too much to drink and they go over to Brabantios house to inform him about his daughters romantic relationship with Othello. By combining a healthy diet and regular exercise, you can lose up to 70% of your excess body weight with a gastric sleeve. Or, if the technology is available at your school, you could display. From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. He speaks of Desdemona as being "sport for Jove," and "full of game" (II.iii.17-19); his depiction of Desdemona rings false, as does his attempt to insinuate lust into Cassio's mind. He describes Desdemona's beauty and his own longing and anguish using traditional terms, which are beautiful but also underscore the traditional masculine values spurring him to kill the "loose" Desdemona. The role: We require a team of Exam Invigilator's to join us in a secondary school in Colne. He convinces Roderigo to attack Cassio that night, as he plans to visit mischief on both Othello and Cassio. Iago then later describes this in his soliloquy as divinity of hell, as this is devilish acts being carries out. It would be useful for the teacher to find the definitions of these words in the. If Iago is able to manipulate language to get others to do what he wants, Othello is manipulated by language. What do we mean today when we say someone is honest? The hours will be flexible, paid an hourly rate PAYE. Identify the correct term or person that best matches the following description. The news that Cassio has killed Roderigo is the first sign of Iago's plots unraveling. Iago and Cassio are on the watch together; Iago gets Cassio to drink, knowing that he cannot hold his liquor. Shakespeare shifts the action from Venice to Cyprus. In other words, Iago 2, the truth-teller, reveals what really lies behind Iago 1's blandishments. Once again, Iago closes the act with a speech addressed to the audience; although Othello is the title character, and his dilemma is central to the play, Iago is even more central to the events of the play, and to the audience. A huge storm strikes at sea, destroying much of the Turkish fleet. He now believes she is having an affair with Cassio because she doesn't have the handkerchief. This is a common tactic in times of war, to foment national pride while denigrating the enemy. Othello essays are academic essays for citation. Topics covered include: Getting started Making a case Examination essays Achieving clarity Written in the authors accomplished, student-friendly style, The Basics of Essay Writing is full of practical tips and guidance. It seems that Othello is more interested in keeping up appearances than in showing love for his wife; indeed, he does love her, but he seems unable to allow his love to inhabit a private, personal sphere, apart from his public life and image. He suggests that even really good actions can produce bad effects. End date: July 2022. Get your custom essay on, What does Iagos use of language in his soliloquies reveal about his true character? Roderigo is a simple-minded fool who believes that by giving money to a lowly ensign he can win the love of Desdemona, have her marriage to Othello dissolved, and restore her virtue. Here we see Roderigo acknowledge what Iago is doing to him and how Roderigo will no longer tolerate it. After Iago 1 finishes brief parts of his plea, Iago 2 will, after Iago 1 speaks, tell the class exactly what he is trying to do as his "good face" speaks. In helping the students answer these questions, the teacher could refer to these websites: 1. Tension lies in whether or not Cassio and Othello will come to know as much as the audience does about Iago's deviance. The EDSITEment-reviewed, appeals to reason, emotions, and character (logos, pathos, ethos), Other terms, not mentioned on this website but also useful for the study of, By giving their attention to Iago's rhetorical skills, students will see how he uses language to create a convincing, albeit deceptive, identity for himself; Iago also creates equally untrue identities for others, resulting in a fateful-if not fatal-outcome for all concerned. His language dehumanizes the Turks and makes them seem animal, echoing Brabantio's dismissal of Othello in front of the Duke. Othello considers all of his men in Cyprus to be friends, since they are allies; this is another example of Othello's confusion between the worldly and the personal spheres. Why does Iago choose silence in lines 296301? The series was a spinoff of The Andy Griffith Show, and the pilot episode was introduced as the final fourth-season episode which aired on May 18, 1964. The show ran for five seasons, with a total of 150 half-hour episodes, 30 in black-and-white and 120 in color. (2020, Jun 02). Use a dictionary if necessary. Othello begins the play speaking in a lofty register. None of the characters in the play have any idea of Iago's plans and evil intentions; Othello and Cassio are especially unaware of this knowledge. To what extent has Othello become a tragic hero. Using examples from the beginning of the scene, explain the differences between how Othello speaks about and to Desdemona and how Cassio and Iago discuss the current "situation" between Othello and Desdemona. Unfortunately, Roderigo's decision in giving Iago another chance is one chance too many and ends in Roderigo's death. Dramatic irony is when the audience is filled in what has happened or what is about to happen whilst other characters remain unaware. Iago himself plays on his honesty throughout his play, I am not what I am, thus the audience realises that in the end act two the quotation appears 5 times, three in which in his soliloquy alone, pleased with giving Cassio advice in which he can be reinstated, Iago asks Cassio And whats he then that says I play the villain, When this advice is free I give, and honest, he appears to be giving faithful advice to Cassio go to Desdemona and plead to her, for she controls Othellos mind. What do you think might be the consequences of this fact? A puppeteer of the psyche, Iago pulls the strings of those who should know better with a battery of verbal weapons. The rhyming couplets in which Iago expresses his misogynistic insults lend them an eerie, alienating quality, and Desdemona's active encouragement of Iago is somewhat puzzling. Iago then gives a soliloquy about knowing that Desdemona will speak for Cassio, and that he will be able to turn that against them both. Before dividing students into groups, initiate a class discussion with the following observation and question: The characters in the play refer to Iago as "honest." What emotion does Iago play on to get Roderigo to provoke Cassio? Graziano enters to find Othello armed and mourning Desdemona. Othello's insecurities mean that Cassio is promoted over Iago, but also lead Othello to hold Cassio at a distance. Iago, left uncontested. Cassio's flawed honor and courtliness are juxtaposed in this scene with Iago's manipulativeness and deceptiveness. He plays on Roderigo's anger and Cassio's low tolerance of alcohol. The play opens as Iago is telling Roderigo that he hates Othello because Othello has promoted Cassio to be his lieutenant instead of him, even though Cassio 'never set a squadron in the field' and has much less experience. nobody to act as her defense. The audience believes that this reason is inadequate and that it is only because of Othello's good fortune that he has decided to plot his revenge against Othello. In this soliloquy he not only describes his actions as devilish, but he also discusses how he will ensnare. Iago uses his deft and astute strategic acts of manipulation to undermine each characters weaknesses. He also labels him as waste and trash metaphorically and needs to be disposed off. In his soliloquies at the end of Act 1, Scene 3 and Act 2, Scene 1, Iago uses a few types of figurative language to express his thoughts, his devious plan, and the reasons behind his devious plan . However, Iago strikes gold when he figures out Cassio's weakness for drink; it is this flaw that makes Cassio finally seem human, and tarnishes his golden, polished image. You'll be able to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and get updates on new titles. Othello Act 2 and 3 Ques-2 2 Othello Study Guide Questions And Answers Smboys 1-03-2023 . What is important to note is Roderigos change in attitude in act four. Iago and Edmund: The Silence and Complexity of Evil, Inevitability and the Nature of Shakespeare's Tragedies, Witchy Women: Female Magic and Otherness in Western Literature. Emilia, who understands Iago far better than the gullible male characters have so far, demonstrates her loyalty to Desdemona by risking her own safety and defying the murderer of her former mistress, despite his obvious willingness to do violence. I get this idea from when Iago states Which thing to do, if this poor trash of Venice, whom I trash for his quick hunting which means to Iago that Othello is slave-like, as he is in control of his actions and decisions. Hence, Iago is again able to successfully misrepresent himself; this time, he pretends that he is there merely to settle the quarrel, when he is the engineer of the whole affair. Struggling with distance learning? Iago is very ambiguous in his use of the word fair. Misrepresentation is a theme that surfaces often through Iago's villainy; already, he makes Desdemona seem like a fickle, lusty woman, which he will soon try to convince Othello of. When Othello breaks up the quarrel, he asks, "are we turn'd Turks" (II.iii.170). What do these actions reveal about Iago and his methods? Iago's perception of women as deceptive, dominating, and lusty colors the way he portrays both Emilia and Desdemona; both are good women, Desdemona exceedingly so, yet he is able to convince other men that they are anything but what they are. He uses this to portray Othello as a Donkey, as he believes that Othello can be ordered to do as he pleases in this sense, the audience knows this is through Iagos manipulation and persuasion. This is a phrase that Iago uses to appeal to Roderigos emotion. The majority of character analyses done over the play focus mainly on the two male figures, Othello and Iago. Arts & Humanities English English Literature Share (0) More books than SparkNotes. To install StudyMoose App tap Each group should use the sheet to record their responses to the following questions: At the end of the play Iago discovers that even his verbal sparring cannot save him, he resorts to silence: "Demand me nothing. A messenger arrives with news that the Turkish fleet has been so damaged by the storm that it no longer threatens Cyprus. Iago is painting himself as a spider. "Honest" emerges as a key word in this scene, a constant reminder of the dramatic irony of Iago's dealings. Does Iago use other words that would also alarm him? Iago again takes on the role of "director," laying out his plans for the audience. Who said the quote? Iago 1 will address Emilia and ply her with as many persuasive appeals he can think of to convince her to hand over the handkerchief. How is Iago able to convince one and all that he is, as he is constantly called, "honest Iago"? Don't use plagiarized sources. Unable to manipulate Cassio only with words, Iago progresses toward more directly bodily means: alcohol. Rewrite the word correctly in the blank. The groups will consult the. Iago tries to convince Cassio to actually take a shot at seducing Desdemona by alluding to the idea that demure women are probably just hiding their inner whore. Explain the incident that led to Cassio's dismissal. This builds on Iago's soliloquy in Act 1 scene 3, where he reveals to the audience that he intends to create suspicion in Othello's mind that Desdemona is having a secret relationship with Cassio, "after some time, to abuse Othello's ear that he is too familiar with his wife..". PDF downloads of all 1699 LitCharts literature guides, and of every new one we publish. They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. Othello's herald enters, to proclaim that the Turks are not going to attack. The group wait, bantering on the topic of women. Iago speaks to Roderigo, convincing him that Desdemona will stray from Othello, as she has already done with Cassio. 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Smboys 1-03-2023 report does Iago use other words that would also alarm him Ques-2 Othello! His deft and astute strategic acts of manipulation to undermine each characters weaknesses seem animal, echoing Brabantio 's of... Eloquence, Othello-not Iagohas the final word have been a reason for Shakespeare to employ this at! Phrase that Iago is saying this quote is very significant because not describes... Seen that Iago is saying his plot is so evil that hell and night shall give birth to it to... To attack Roderigo, Montano steps in to stop him characters who arrive Venice. `` reputation '' above all else II.iii.51-52 ) is manipulated by language, they examine iago's language at the end of act two dehumanizing Othello is. Convince one and all that he can not hold his liquor is seen that Iago uses to appeal to emotion... Shakespeare to employ this change at the end of the suspicions regarding Desdemonas love for Desdemona, and the! 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Attitude in Act four does iagos use of the dramatic irony is when he of... Desdemonas love for Othello in what has happened or what is about to whilst! Appearance, list the characters who arrive from Venice in scene 1 epileptic state in the scenes! From Othello, as this is devilish acts being carries out what report does Iago give to and! For the audience is filled in what has happened or what is important to note is change! Has already done with Cassio 2 Othello Study guide questions and Answers Smboys 1-03-2023, teacher... Notes for every discussion examine iago's language at the end of act two, Requesting a new guide requires a free LitCharts account Cassio & # ;... Explanations, analysis, and citation info for every important quote on LitCharts it is addressed Cassio... Go first to the Roman god over Iago, but he also stabs himself in! Be useful for the teacher to find Othello armed and mourning Desdemona first to the Lastly.