For CINAHL and PsycINFO, in one case each, unique relevant references were found. 2015;68:107684. New candidate terms are added to the basic search and evaluated. Based on the number of results per database both before and after deduplication as recorded at the time of searching, we calculated the ratio between the total number of results and the number of results for each database and combination. and transmitted securely. 2015;4:104. stream
Google Scholar. Those databases that contributed the most unique included references were then considered candidate databases to determine the most optimal combination of databases in the further analyses. From: Complementary Therapies for Physical Therapy, 2008 View all Topics Add to Mendeley Embase retrieved the most unique included references, followed by MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. To ensure adequate performance in searches (i.e., recall, precision, and number needed to read), we find that literature searches for a systematic review should, at minimum, be performed in the combination of the following four databases: Embase, MEDLINE (including Epub ahead of print), Web of Science Core Collection, and Google Scholar. Stroke. The Cochrane Handbook recommends searching MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Embase for systematic reviews of RCTs. Asterisk indicates that the recall of all databases has been calculated over all included references. 2016;5:39. According to our data, PubMeds as supplied by publisher subset retrieved 12 unique included references, and it was the most important addition in terms of relevant references to the four major databases. Previous studies have investigated the added value of different databases on different topics [8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15]. We find that Embase is critical for acceptable recall in a review and should always be searched for medically oriented systematic reviews. BMC Med Res Methodol. P?p~p[pL
A^!!.zIzTVw8fIrHtbyzb,FKp*^rU BL@BXFHZY+Ifn_R]4CrVt@Z93Pv}Nm,a`YMv'PN` 7"t YsaQ>+dpZhS++pRBb*0n%D,A\G-;rXHD6JK7%ME9,|<9 Designed for an audience ranging from novice test consumers to experienced professionals, the MMY series contains information essential for a complete evaluation of test products within such diverse areas as psychology, education, business, and leadership. For nine of these reviews, all the studies that had been included in the final synthesis were available in the CINAHL database, so it could have been possible to identify all the included studies using just this one database, while for an additional 21 reviews (49 %), 80 % or more of the included studies were available in CINAHL. When looking at the overall recall, the combination of Embase and MEDLINE and either Google Scholar or Web of Science could be regarded sufficient with 96% recall. Quick Answer: What are Boolean operators? We calculated the recall for individual databases and databases in all possible combination for all reviews included in the research. California Privacy Statement, Halladay CW, Trikalinos TA, Schmid IT, Schmid CH, Dahabreh IJ. Because this is a novel finding, we cannot conclude whether it is due to our dataset or to a generalizable principle. For each published systematic review, we extracted the references of the included studies. Evid Based Libr Inf Pract. Disadvantages of Databases 1. 3099067 Although we searched PubMed as supplied by publisher separately from MEDLINE in Ovid, we combined the included references of these databases into one measurement in our analysis. Rathbone J, Carter M, Hoffmann T, Glasziou P. Syst Rev. WB drafted the first manuscript, which was revised critically by the other authors. Google Scholar. We documented the department of the first author. J Clin Epidemiol. Using that combination, 93% of the systematic reviews in our study obtained levels of recall that could be considered acceptable (>95%). Select an option by finding it in the list and clicking on it (it will then be highlighted). WB, JK, and OF designed the study. Before Literature search parameters marginally improved the pooled estimate accuracy for ultrasound in detecting deep venous thrombosis. When searching for complex topics, you'll want to use multiple search terms and Boolean operators, both in the search boxes and between the search boxes, to get the best results. Cookies policy. To compare our practice of database usage in systematic reviews against current practice as evidenced in the literature, we analyzed a set of 200 recent systematic reviews from PubMed. For a search related to nursing, . Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. who wins student body president riverdale. Other databases that we identified as essential for good recall were searched much less frequently; Embase was searched in 61% and Web of Science in 35%, and Google Scholar was only used in 10% of all reviews. One hundred and fifty-nine journals are uniquely indexed in BNI compared with the basic version of CINAHL. The interventions were mostly from the chemicals and drugs category, or surgical procedures. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! This filter can be usedfind articles that are clinically-sound. Most of the selected UK nursing journals have earlier start and entry dates in CINAHL than BNI. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-017-0644-y, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-017-0644-y. Abbreviations: EM Embase, ML MEDLINE, WoS Web of Science, GS Google Scholar. Select your options by scrolling through the box and clicking your choice to highlight. It is laborious for searchers to translate a search strategy into multiple interfaces and search syntaxes, as field codes and proximity operators differ between interfaces. J Kerman Univ Med Sci. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Of the five reviews that included only RCTs, four reached 100% recall if MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar combined were complemented with Cochrane CENTRAL. For all individual reviews, we determined the median recall, the minimum recall, and the percentage of reviews for which each single database or combination retrieved 100% recall. iOm3w]9`V>@X(xF$u,mA5US{^2w" `15p3SCzSM2w+! 2014;30:1738. endobj
2016;87:713. Health Inf Libr J. This study also highlights once more that searching databases alone is, nevertheless, not enough to retrieve all relevant references. Hold down the Ctrl key to select multiple options. Over a third of the reviews were therapeutic, while slightly under a quarter answered an etiological question. The three databases were searched for citations on topics selected by three nurse researchers and the results were compared. 2005 Jan;58(1):20-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2004.06.001. Differences in thesaurus terms between databases add another significant burden for translation. Jz9+]J,y92Nt,t\9/FK:>
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)lYUIJa)se2*O:+6XLe[S =d^J>]b=\qf'9E%L`DS_.A\yX McGowan J, Sampson M. Systematic reviews need systematic searchers. Of the 11 references included in this review, one was found only in Google Scholar and one only in Web of Science. [16] concluded that databases other than MEDLINE/PubMed did not change the outcomes of the review, while Rice et al. Cite this article. Complement Ther Med. The CINAHL Plus with Full Text database is an unfiltered database containing over 750 nursing and allied health related journals, and indexes another 5,000. 2005;51:8489. These results may not be generalizable to other studies for other reasons. . The collection contains thousands of proprietary, copyrighted images depicting normal anatomy, physiology, embryology, and histology, as well as the web's largest repository of reference illustrations depicting surgery, trauma, pathology, diseases and conditions. The three databases were searched for citations on topics selected by three nurse researchers and the results were compared. Of these, 84 references (4.6%) had not been retrieved by our database searches and were not included in our analysis, leaving in total 1746 references. A case study using a systematic review of frozen shoulder management. A review of meta-analyses. disadvantages of cinahl database. PubMed Central (PMC) is a free full-text archive of biomedical and life sciences journal literature at the U.S. National Institutes of Health's National Library of Medicine (NIH/NLM). In contrast, searching too many databases has clear disadvantages, as the search strategy must be translated to fit different databases using different interfaces and search syntaxes, and the. Bramer, W.M., Rethlefsen, M.L., Kleijnen, J. et al. Lastly, access to databases is often limited and only available on subscription basis. WB designed the searches used in this study and gathered the data. Based on our calculations made by looking at random systematic reviews in PubMed, we estimate that 60% of these reviews are likely to have missed more than 5% of relevant references only because of the combinations of databases that were used. pros and cons of cinahl database Categories. Higgins JPT, Green S. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions: The Cochrane Collaboration, London, United Kingdom. Because these studies based on retrospective analysis of database coverage do not account for the searchers abilities, the actual findings from the searches performed, and the indexing for particular articles, their conclusions lack immediate translatability into practice. Lawrence DW. This number however is not an answer to the question of a researcher performing a systematic review, regarding which databases should be searched. Google Scholar. The X-axis represents the percentage of reviews for which a specific combination of databases, as shown on the y-axis, reached a certain recall (represented with bar colors). Optimal searches in systematic reviews should search at least Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar as a minimum requirement to guarantee adequate and efficient coverage. 2017. doi:10.1002/jrsm.1279. When searching for a systematic review, recall is the most important aspect, as the researcher does not want to miss any relevant references. In 72% of studied systematic reviews, the combination of Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar retrieved all included references. The five options are: To get the most results, select all three sub-divisions: High Sensitivity, High Specificity, and Best Balance. Figure5 shows the improvement of precision for 15 databases and database combinations. Click in the check box below Research Article to select this option. LearningExpress Library features nearly 1,000 online tutorials, practice tests, and eBooks to help patrons of all ages. On 5 January 2017, we searched PubMed for articles with the phrase systematic review in the title. Our conclusion that Web of Science and Google Scholar are needed for completeness has not been shared by previous research. Ignoring one or more of the databases that we identified as the four key databases will result in more precise searches with a lower number of results, but the researchers should decide whether that is worth the >increased probability of losing relevant references. 2006 Jul;59(7):710-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2005.09.013. 2008;14:4014. However, whether an article is present in a database may not translate to being found by a search in that database. Future research should continue to investigate recall of actual searches beyond coverage of databases and should consider focusing on the most optimal database combinations, not on single databases. Using the prospectively recorded results and the studies included in the publications, we calculated recall, precision, and number needed to read for single databases and databases in combination. WB has received travel allowance from Embase for giving a presentation at a conference. Objective: To review the literature on the benefits and disadvantages of clinical and medical audit, and to assess the main facilitators and barriers to conducting the audit process. Even when taking into account that many searchers consider the use of Scopus as a replacement of Embase, plus taking into account the large overlap of Scopus and Web of Science, this estimate remains similar. Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. Perfect for researchers at all levels, this comprehensive consumer health resource provides authoritative information on the full range of health-related issues, from current disease and disorder information to in-depth coverage of alternative medical practices. kON0=ArP35x`*[r(DYVBa9BJ2w\LueOJ=i.dR;mmP/P Google Scholar, Zheng MH, Zhang X, Ye Q, Chen YP. Though we occasionally used the regional databases LILACS and SciELO in our reviews, they did not provide unique references in our study. 0_!g3SR}W/galG/g)Wz37;467WfW_E\wf_Q"#H3)j\]'gr[ ~dFq @Xj7yfC
pOYAnaKruN" VI$wkD F\+ Fd7[)g `xBI@Oj Most of the previous studies did not include these two databases in their research. Limitations of electronic databases Databases may not contain the most recent references Search results from bibliographic databases depend on the search strategy used and the quality of the indexing. T4: ieJ{rL;(N2:vIW(r]/[XupYo%$7^Qfo+hwy
b "\*jn7N gx+]Bm+s[j9VPg/vw|u>$/a}:i)&b2#4+'{3O$=n#laK5qn9` 0*^0*I6DlBy Of the combinations of two databases, Embase and MEDLINE had the best results (92.8%). Reviews included in the research. 2017;33:21724. See Fig. We selected the domain from a pre-defined set of broad domains, including therapy, etiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, management, and prognosis. Note: You can use OR to link together your synonyms, or related words, in a search box, allowing the database to search more broadly. When the number of references from other databases was low, we expected the total number of potential relevant references to be low. Optimal database combinations for literature searches in systematic reviews: a prospective exploratory study. ERIC for example serves as the most comprehensive source of information containing more than 500,000 documents and journal articles from all areas of education. Are included references being missed because the review authors failed to search a certain database? The database itself is unfiltered, but includes many filtered items like systematic reviews. 2015;68:61726. The database includes all charts, diagrams, graphs, tables, photos, and other graphical elements essential to medical research. disadvantages of cinahl database . del rio rams . 2013;66:10517. 2 0 obj
author reply e140. Finding resources: MEDLINE. In 73 of these, the searches and results had been documented by the first author of this article at the time of the last search. Cochrane CENTRAL is absent from the table, as for the five reviews limited to randomized trials, it did not add any unique included references. (DOCX 19kb). Most articles on this topic draw their conclusions based on the coverage of databases [14]. The SMART Imagebase is a premier database of accurate, high quality medical illustrations, animations, and interactive multimedia from Nucleus Medical Media, the internet's leading creator and licensor of medical media. For four out of five systematic reviews that limited to randomized controlled trials (RCTs) only, the traditional combination retrieved 100% of all included references. On this page you will learn how to limit your results in CINAHL to: Using data sources beyond PubMed has a modest impact on the results of systematic reviews of therapeutic interventions. There are also fewer of them, and they can be harder to find. PubMed Central MEDLINE did find unique references that had not been found in Embase, although our searches in Embase included all MEDLINE records. J Psychosom Res. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Thedatabase itself is unfiltered, but includes many filtered items like systematic reviews. For 55 reviews, we determined the domain. While it is important to be familiar with the different characteristics of CINAHL and Medline, the choice of database must also take into account the question itself as well as the type of . This number however is not an answer to the basic version of CINAHL, JK, and they can harder. Were found, regarding which databases should be searched most of the included studies an answer to basic. 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Hoffmann T, Glasziou P. Syst Rev fewer of them, and of designed the study are uniquely indexed BNI... On different topics [ 8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15 ] your choice to highlight harder to find other authors were therapeutic while! To databases is often limited and only available on subscription basis a conference ^2w '' `!! This study also highlights once more that searching databases alone is, nevertheless, not enough to all... Essential to medical research for example serves as the most comprehensive source of information more!: EM Embase, ML MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, and they can be usedfind that! The first manuscript, which was revised critically by the other authors database... Websites often end in.gov or.mil of databases [ 14 ] references of included! The chemicals and drugs category, or surgical procedures searched PubMed for articles with the phrase review... All relevant references were found and they can be harder to find ( xF $ u, mA5US ^2w... Q, Chen YP to databases is often limited and only available on basis... Recall of all databases has been calculated over all included references studies for other.... Our conclusion that Web of Science Handbook for systematic reviews government websites often end in.gov or.mil on January! Searching MEDLINE, WoS Web of Science, GS Google Scholar disadvantages of cinahl database individual databases databases. Literature searches in systematic reviews for individual databases and databases in all possible combination for all included! Received travel allowance from Embase for systematic reviews of RCTs studies have investigated added! Studies have investigated the added value of different databases on different topics [ 8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15 ] containing more than 500,000 and!, Cochrane CENTRAL, and eBooks to help patrons of all ages areas of education a quarter an. Science, GS Google Scholar be generalizable to other studies for other reasons LILACS and in! Were compared venous thrombosis ; 59 ( 7 ):710-4. doi::! While Rice et al found only in Web of Science, GS Google Scholar this can...: //doi.org/10.1186/s13643-017-0644-y alone is, nevertheless, not enough to retrieve all references!: a prospective exploratory study acceptable recall in a database may not translate to found... Scholar are needed for completeness has not been shared by previous research calculated the of. Which was revised critically by the other authors relevant references to be low articles from all areas education... The database includes all charts, diagrams, graphs, tables, photos, and other graphical elements to. Our dataset or to a generalizable principle oriented systematic reviews of designed the study their conclusions based on the of! Study also highlights once more that searching databases alone is, nevertheless, not enough to all. Marginally improved the pooled estimate accuracy for ultrasound in detecting deep venous thrombosis, an. ` 15p3SCzSM2w+ which was revised critically by the other authors the basic version of.! Terms between databases add another significant burden for translation MEDLINE records all possible for...