Pius XII, Litt. Bishops, as vicars and ambassadors of Christ, govern the particular churches entrusted to them (58*) by their counsel, exhortations, example, and even by their authority and sacred power, which indeed they use only for the edification of their flock in truth and holiness, remembering that he who is greater should become as the lesser and he who is the chief become as the servant. Through her work, whatever good is in the minds and hearts of men, whatever good lies latent in the religious practices and cultures of diverse peoples, is not only saved from destruction but is also cleansed, raised up and perfected unto the glory of God, the confusion of the devil and the happiness of man. 1: col. 1068 C. - S. Sophronius, Or. They are warned by the Apostle to live "as becomes saints",(219) and to put on "as God's chosen ones, holy and beloved a heart of mercy, kindness, humility, meekness, patience",(220) and to possess the fruit of the Spirit in holiness. Haer. Cfr. Summary of Lumen Gentium - Dogmatic Constitution of the Church by Deacon Ed Sheffer; ACSJC SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION GUIDE: . The laity are gathered together in the People of God and make up the Body of Christ under one head. VII: Denz. 22: Denz. The Drafting of 'Lumen Gentium'. 6, Decretum de iustificatione, can. ib., III, 19, 26: col. 152; V, 18, 24: col. 189; In Io. Nel darvi, 1 iul. For this reason it is clearly stated that hierarchical communion with the head and members of the church is required. Dogm. They live in the ordinary circumstances of family and social life, from which the very web of their existence is woven. I, Const. 165 (353). 46. 16:15), it may bring to all men that light of Christ which shines out visibly from the Church. Priests, who resemble bishops to a certain degree in their participation of the sacrament of Orders, form the spiritual crown of the bishops. On the contrary they understand that it is their noble duty to shepherd the faithful and to recognize their ministries and charisms, so that all according to their proper roles may cooperate in this common undertaking with one mind. M., Philad., 1, 1; Magn. Origenes, In Matth. (115) These charisms, whether they be the more outstanding or the more simple and widely diffused, are to be received with thanksgiving and consolation for they are perfectly suited to and useful for the needs of the Church. Boston. (51) In this sacred rite a oneness with Christ's death and resurrection is both symbolized and brought about: "For we were buried with Him by means of Baptism into death"; and if "we have been united with Him in the likeness of His death, we shall be so in the likeness of His resurrection also". Each and all these items which are set forth in this dogmatic Constitution have met with the approval of the Council Fathers. Wishing in His supreme goodness and wisdom to effect the redemption of the world, "when the fullness of time came, God sent His Son, born of a womanthat we might receive the adoption of sons". Lumen Gentium 16 Anonymous Christians, Pelagianism, and Islam Early Modern Catholic Reform and the Synod of Pistoia Shaun London Blanchard Marquette University Lumen Gentium Presentation Notes: 1 of 3 The Holy See Catholic Church' Subsists in the 'Catholic Church' 21. S. Hilarius Pict., In Ps. On the contrary it fosters and takes to itself, insofar as they are good, the ability, riches and customs in which the genius of each people expresses itself. Cod. 1943 AAS 35 (1943), p. 208. In this way the building up of the earthly city may have its foundation in the Lord and may tend toward Him, lest perhaps those who build this city shall have labored in vain. The pastoral office or the habitual and daily care of their sheep is entrusted to them completely; nor are they to be regarded as vicars of the Roman Pontiffs, for they exercise an authority that is proper to them, and are quite correctly called "prelates," heads of the people whom they govern. (5*) Adorned from the first instant of her conception with the radiance of an entirely unique holiness, the Virgin of Nazareth is greeted, on God's command, by an angel messenger as "full of grace",(286) and to the heavenly messenger she replies: "Behold the handmaid of the Lord, be it done unto me according to thy word". Caritatis studium, 25 iul. Sapientiae christianae, 10 ian. 3: Mansi 10, 1151. (7) Cfr. (7) Cfr. in B. V. Nat. 15-16, n. 44 et pp. (l4*), III. They manifest this special property by means of the whole peoples' supernatural discernment in matters of faith when "from the Bishops down to the last of the lay faithful" (8*) they show universal agreement in matters of faith and morals. Conc. Placed by the grace of God, as God's Mother, next to her Son, and exalted above all angels and men, Mary intervened in the mysteries of Christ and is justly honored by a special cult in the Church. 302 (600). 12, 15: PG 33, 741 AB. (13) In them He prays on their behalf and bears witness to the fact that they are adopted sons. 63, 7: PL 54, 3S7 C. (56) Traditio A postolica Hippolyti, 2-3: ed. It knows it through unfailing experience of it and commends it to the hearts of the faithful, so that encouraged by this maternal help they may the more intimately adhere to the Mediator and Redeemer. 1950: AAS 42 (1950) Denz. For then the Roman Pontiff is not pronouncing judgment as a private person, but as the supreme teacher of the universal Church, in whom the charism of infallibility of the Church itself is individually present, he is expounding or defending a doctrine of Catholic faith. 966 (1776). Cfr. (12*) It is charity which guides us to our final end. 2. 19, 1: PL 76, 1154 B. For the College, always and of necessity, includes its head, because in the college he preserves unhindered his function as Christ's Vicar and as Pastor of the universal Church. Provida Mater, 2 febr. 570-571. On the Blessed Virgin and the Church. Let all then have care that they guide aright their own deepest sentiments of soul. It is no wonder therefore that the usage prevailed among the Fathers whereby they called the mother of God entirely holy and free from all stain of sin, as though fashioned by the Holy Spirit and formed as a new creature. 23: PL 4, 5S3, Hartel, III A, p. 28S. (8*), Christ loves the Church as His bride, having become the model of a man loving his wife as his body;(68) the Church, indeed, is subject to its Head. 3:16; 6:19) guiding the Church in the way of all truth (cf. The laity have the right, as do all Christians, to receive in abundance from their spiritual shepherds the spiritual goods of the Church, especially the assistance of the word of God and of the sacraments (6*). Pius XI, Litt. By Vivian Boland O.P. dogm. 71, 20, 33: PL 38, 463 s. S. Io. (42) It is described as the spotless spouse of the spotless Lamb,(43) whom Christ "loved and for whom He delivered Himself up that He might sanctify her",(44) whom He unites to Himself by an unbreakable covenant, and whom He unceasingly "nourishes and cherishes",(45) and whom, once purified, He willed to be cleansed and joined to Himself, subject to Him in love and fidelity,(46) and whom, finally, He filled with heavenly gifts for all eternity, in order that we may know the love of God and of Christ for us, a love which surpasses all knowledge. 2, 3: cd. (6*) Furthermore, the hierarchy, following with docility the prompting of the Holy Spirit, accepts the rules presented by outstanding men and women and authentically approves these rules after further adjustments. (283) "He for us men, and for our salvation, came down from heaven, and was incarnate by the Holy Spirit from the Virgin Mary. nothing to dislike. 16. 187S: Denz. (9) Cfr. Lumen Gentium, Light of the Nations, November 21, 1964. In matters of faith and morals, the bishops speak in the name of Christ and the faithful are to accept their teaching and adhere to it with a religious assent. Encycl : Mediator Dei: AAS 39 (1947) p . 161 Cf. III, q. This maternity of Mary in the order of grace began with the consent which she gave in faith at the Annunciation and which she sustained without wavering beneath the cross, and lasts until the eternal fulfillment of all the elect. ON NOVEMBER 21, 1964 CHAPTER I - THE MYSTERY OF THE CHURCH 1. this sacred Council, being gathered together in the Holy Spirit, that by proclaiming his Gospel to every creature (cf. (9*), All men should take note that the profession of the evangelical counsels, though entailing the renunciation of certain values which are to be undoubtedly esteemed, does not detract from a genuine development of the human persons, but rather by its very nature is most beneficial to that development. However, in order that he may be capable of deriving more abundant fruit from this baptismal grace, he intends, by the profession of the evangelical counsels in the Church, to free himself from those obstacles, which might draw him away from the fervor of charity and the perfection of divine worship. 1943: ASS 35 (1943) p. 209 et 212. Pro documentis liturgicis, cfr. "(9*), THE UNIVERSAL CALL TO HOLINESS IN THE CHURCH. Vat. Decretum De Apostolatu laicorum, cap. Opera, Quaracchi, t. 8, 1898, p. 245 a. 2, 2 Tit. Lumen Gentium Summary Understanding what the Church is helps us understanding role & mission of Church Church as sign & instrument of God Fellowship or communion as Church reflects communion or fellowship found within the Trinity ALL are called to holiness, with Mary as example of response to this call Lumen Gentiumlays ground work for 13, 7: Eccli 44-50, Nebr. Rom; 8:17; Col. 1:24; 2 Tim. (225) Clerics, who are called by the Lord and are set aside as His portion in order to prepare themselves for the various ministerial offices under the watchful eye of spiritual shepherds, are bound to bring their hearts and minds into accord with this special election (which is theirs). Trid., Sess. In order to reach this perfection the faithful should . (4) Cfr. Nic. I, 152, 156, 171 s. S. Ign. What makes Lumen Gentium, especially chatper II: "On the People of God" so "revolutionary" is the new stress it put on the equality and unity of all the Church's members. (22) Conc. ), De Virg. Eccl. October 2012 is the 50 th Anniversary of the opening of the Second Vatican Council.Pope Benedict XVI declared October 11, 2012 until November 24, 2013 a Year of Faith.He said: It will be a moment of grace and commitment to a more complete conversion to God, to strengthen (14) Quoad gratitudinem erga ipsos Sanctos, cfr. (8) Cfr. 896: ASS 28 (1895-96) p. 732. The Cult of the Blessed Virgin in the Church. Because this is so, this Sacred Synod gathered together in the Holy Spirit eagerly desires, by proclaiming the Gospel to every creature,(1) to bring the light of Christ to all people, a light brightly visible on the countenance of the Church. Celebrating the Eucharistic sacrifice therefore, we are most closely united to the Church in heaven in communion with and venerating the memory first of all of the glorious ever-Virgin Mary, of Blessed Joseph and the blessed apostles and martyrs and of all the saints. Vat. (272)(5*) Thus by their brotherly interest our weakness is greatly strengthened. They must assist each other to live holier lives even in their daily occupations. (29*) This same collegiate power can be exercised together with the pope by the bishops living in all parts of the world, provided that the head of the college calls them to collegiate action, or at least approves of or freely accepts the united action of the scattered bishops, so that it is thereby made a collegiate act. (241), Already the final age of the world has come upon us (242) and the renovation of the world is irrevocably decreed and is already anticipated in some kind of a real way; for the Church already on this earth is signed with a sanctity which is real although imperfect. For besides intimately linking them to His life and His mission, He also gives them a sharing in His priestly function of offering spiritual worship for the glory of God and the salvation of men. (163), The canonical mission of bishops can come about by legitimate customs that have not been revoked by the supreme and universal authority of the Church, or by laws made or recognized be that the authority, or directly through the successor of Peter himself; and if the latter refuses or denies apostolic communion, such bishops cannot assume any office.(38*). 100, a. The Father began this formation process with the Israelites and brought it to fulfillment in the Church. Mediati Dei: AAS 39 (1947) pp. 16: PL 120, 561 C. Cfr. Adiutricem populi, 5 sept. 1895: ASS 15 (1895-96), p. 303. 22, cap. Rosweydus, Viqae Patrum, Antwerpiae 1628. 14. He therefore chose the race of Israel as a people unto Himself. 2:11-12; 1 Pet. "Behold the days shall come saith the Lord, and I will make a new covenant with the House of Israel, and with the house of Judah . V: De dignigate Patriarcharum: ibid. Step by step He taught and prepared this people, making known in its history both Himself and the decree of His will and making it holy unto Himself. For you I am a bishop; but with you I am a Christian. Apost. Florentinum, Decretum pro Graecis: Denz. (21) The Miracles of Jesus also confirm that the Kingdom has already arrived on earth: "If I cast out devils by the finger of God, then the kingdom of God has come upon you". (80) Similarly, the Church encompasses with love all who are afflicted with human suffering and in the poor and afflicted sees the image of its poor and suffering Founder. VI, allocutio in Concilio, die 4 dec. 1963: AAS 56 (1964) p. 37. 34. 16. He uninterruptedly renews and leads the Church to perfect union with its Spouse. Cf. (248) And therefore "while we are in the body, we are exiled from the Lord (249) and having the first-fruits of the Spirit we groan within ourselves(250) and we desire to be with Christ"'. 32. 20. c. I Tim. This inauguration and this growth are both symbolized by the blood and water which flowed from the open side of a crucified Jesus,(5) and are foretold in the words of the Lord referring to His death on the Cross: "And I, if I be lifted up from the earth, will draw all things to myself". The faithful, therefore, must learn the deepest meaning and the value of all creation, as well as its role in the harmonious praise of God. But that ominous doctrine which attempts to build a society with no regard whatever for religion, and which attacks and destroys the religious liberty of its citizens, is rightly to be rejected (5*). In this, then, their daily work they should climb to the heights of holiness and apostolic activity. (50) Cfr. 1821 (3050 s.). What specifically characterizes the laity is their secular nature. 163 Cf Acts 1:17, 25; 21:19; Rom. 1943: AAS 35 (1943) pp. 41. 1917: 9 (1917) p. 268, Denz. 36. They are, by reason of the knowledge, competence or outstanding ability which they may enjoy, permitted and sometimes even obliged to express their opinion on those things which concern the good of the Church (7*). De Sacra Liturgia, n. 7 et n. 47. Conc. ad Flav. 2 de Annunt., 2: PG 89, 1377 AB; Serm. The Lord Jesus, the divine Teacher and Model of all perfection, preached holiness of life to each and everyone of His disciples of every condition. (212) They must diffuse in the world that spirit which animates the poor, the meek, the peace makerswhom the Lord in the Gospel proclaimed as blessed. IV: Mansi 53, 290. cfr. I Orient., c. 216-314: de Patriarchis; c. 324-399: de Archiepiscopis I maioribus; c. 362-391: de aliis dignitariis; in specie, c. 238 3; 216; 240; 251; 255: de Episcopis a Patriarch nominandis. 4, 1;-12: col. 387. d Decentium: PL 20, 554 A; sansi 3, 1029; Denz. c. Donat. Indeed, they should imitate by their lively charity, in their joyous hope and by their voluntary sharing of each others' burdens, the very Christ who plied His hands with carpenter's tools and Who in union with His Father, is continually working for the salvation of all men. Cfr. (13*) And just as the office granted individually to Peter, the first among the apostles, is permanent and is to be transmitted to his successors, so also the apostles' office of nurturing the Church is permanent, and is to be exercised without interruption by the sacred order of bishops. S. Cyprianus, Epist. 47. Deiparae: PG 86 (2), 3277-3312. 9:45): in view of the divine choice, they are . (14) De praestantia sacrae virginitatis, cfr. He is not saved, however, who, though part of the body of the Church, does not persevere in charity. Inst. (116), 13. (22) Cfr. Taking part in the Eucharistic sacrifice, which is the fount and apex of the whole Christian life, they offer the Divine Victim to God, and offer themselves along with It. Unusquisque proprium donum (idion charisma) habet ex Deo: alius quidem sic alius vero sic .. Cfr. That divine mission, entrusted by Christ to the apostles, will last until the end of the world,(147) since the Gospel they are to teach is for all time the source of all life for the Church. It does all it can to relieve their need and in them it strives to serve Christ. (101) The baptized, by regeneration and the anointing of the Holy Spirit, are consecrated as a spiritual house and a holy priesthood, in order that through all those works which are those of the Christian man they may offer spiritual sacrifices and proclaim the power of Him who has called them out of darkness into His marvelous light. It was in Him, before the foundation of the world, that the Father chose us and predestined us to become adopted sons, for in Him it pleased the Father to re-establish all things. Funk, I, p. 266. For it is the duty of all bishops to promote and to safeguard the unity of faith and the discipline common to the whole Church, to instruct the faithful to love for the whole mystical body of Christ, especially for its poor and sorrowing members and for those who are suffering persecution for justice's sake,(160) and finally to promote every activity that is of interest to the whole Church, especially that the faith may take increase and the light of full truth appear to all men. Hin Ch Tn L V Gio Hi - Lumen Gentium - 21/11/1964. Hartel, p. 696. 35 Mt 21:42; cf. Thus the Church prays and likewise labors so that into the People of God, the Body of the Lord and the Temple of the Holy Spirit, may pass the fullness of the whole world, and that in Christ, the head of all things, all honor and glory may be rendered to the Creator, the Father of the universe. He directs it with hierarchical and charismatic gifts and adorns it with his fruits. Among the principal duties of bishops the preaching of the Gospel occupies an eminent place. 1, 24, Lc. Leo XIII, Epist. (10*). Tertull., Praescr. 1926: AAS 18 (1926) p. 69. S. Hilarius, In Ps. In the midst of the flock they adore Him in spirit and in truth. (289) When the Child Jesus was lost and they had sought Him sorrowing, His parents found Him in the temple, taken up with the things that were His Father's business; and they did not understand the word of their Son. For all their works, prayers and apostolic endeavors, their ordinary married and family life, their daily occupations, their physical and mental relaxation, if carried out in the Spirit, and even the hardships of life, if patiently borneall these become "spiritual sacrifices acceptable to God through Jesus Christ". ib. 65, a. Encycl. Dei Filius, 3: Denz. In the beginning God made human nature one and decreed that all His children, scattered as they were, would finally be gathered together as one. But, rather, the faithful of Christ are called by God from both these states of life so that they might enjoy this particular gift in the life of the Church and thus each in one's own way, may be of some advantage to the salvific mission of the Church.(3*). For the members of the people of God are called to share these goods in common, and of each of the Churches the words of the Apostle hold good: "According to the gift that each has received, administer it to one another as good stewards of the manifold grace of God".(123). It is through the sacraments and the exercise of the virtues that the sacred nature and organic structure of the priestly community is brought into operation. 16:15-16; Acts 26:17 ff. These laymen spend themselves completely in apostolic labors, working the Lord's field with much success.(10*). 11, de Ecclesia Christi, c. 4: Mansi S3, 310. Lumen Gentium - The Light of Nations. It is exercised under the guidance of the sacred teaching authority, in faithful and respectful obedience to which the people of God accepts that which is not just the word of men but truly the word of God. Ferr.-Flor. Their praise lives on in the Church of God. It is the duty of the deacon, according as it shall have been assigned to him by competent authority, to administer baptism solemnly, to be custodian and dispenser of the Eucharist, to assist at and bless marriages in the name of the Church, to bring Viaticum to the dying, to read the Sacred Scripture to the faithful, to instruct and exhort the people, to preside over the worship and prayer of the faithful, to administer sacramentals, to officiate at funeral and burial services. Deiparae: PG 97, 1089-1109. And he is always free to exercise this power. who in times past were not a people, but are now the people of God". (54) Cfr. Can., c. 29 1. Apost. CONDENSER'S INTRODUCTON . S. Augustinus, passim. (19*), 51. Indeed Christ, the Son of God, who with the Father and the Spirit is praised as "uniquely holy," (1*) loved the Church as His bride, delivering Himself up for her. Vat.II, Const. (22*) And at the same time, in conformity with our own pastoral interests, we urge all concerned, if any abuses, excesses or defects have crept in here or there, to do what is in their power to remove or correct them, and to restore all things to a fuller praise of Christ and of God. (11*) A like example, but one given in a different way, is that offered by widows and single people, who are able to make great contributions toward holiness and apostolic endeavor in the Church. CHNG I. MU NHIM GIO HI; CHNG II. X, 24-25: PL 15, 1810. Ad catholici sacerdotii, 20 dec. 1935: AAS 28 (1936) p. 22 s. (8) Ordo consecrationis sacerdotalis, in Exhortatione initiali. Catechumens who, moved by the Holy Spirit, seek with explicit intention to be incorporated into the Church are by that very intention joined with her. Provida Mater, 2 Febr. (4) To carry out the will of the Father, Christ inaugurated the Kingdom of heaven on earth and revealed to us the mystery of that kingdom. Pius XII, Litt. Nicaenum II, Act. (57) Cfr. (1) Missale Romanum, Gloria in excelsis. (12) Cfr. (186) Becoming from the heart a pattern to the flock,(187) let them so lead and serve their local community that it may worthily be called by that name, by which the one and entire people of God is signed, namely, the Church of God. S. Thomas, Sumtna Theol. Should climb to the heights of HOLINESS and apostolic activity 1926: AAS (! Their secular nature ( 1943 ) p. 268, Denz col. 1:24 ; Tim... Guides us to our final end 33: PL 76, 1154 B ; rom the of! To the fact that they GUIDE aright their own deepest sentiments of soul,... C. 4: Mansi S3, 310 November 21, 1964 all these items which are set forth in,. 2: PG 33, 741 AB and charismatic gifts and adorns it with fruits! In truth witness to the heights of HOLINESS and apostolic activity working the Lord 's field with much success (. Iii, 19, 26: col. 189 ; in Io ( 1943 ) 268. Success. 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