karate framework for ui automationkarate framework for ui automation

Karate has a very useful payload templating approach. It is worth mentioning that to do the equivalent of the last line in Java, you would typically have to traverse 2 Java Objects, one of which is within a list, and you would have to check for nulls as well. Keep in mind that: Will actually attempt to evaluate the given string as JavaScript within the browser. There are multiple options, choose the one that fits you best. { Given url https://www.kloia.com/ Test data can be within the main flow itself, which makes scripts highly readable. Example: If the element is enabled and not disabled: Also see waitUntil() for an example of how to wait until an element is enabled or until any other element property becomes the target value. TestRunner Class: This class is used to JUnit annotation to run the feature file. You can find more JSON examples here: js-arrays.feature. Use the comma-delimited form (see above) or the JS helper (see below). Karate. It is sometimes useful to be able to check if a key-value-pair does not exist. return a pretty-printed, nicely indented string representation of the JSON value, also see: return a pretty-printed, nicely indented string representation of the XML value, also see: get the value of any Java system-property by name, useful for, returns a JSON array of integers (inclusive), the optional third argument must be a positive integer and defaults to 1, and if start < end the order of values is reversed, very rarely used - when needing to perform conditional removal of JSON keys or XML nodes. Use this for building multipart named (form) field requests. { A great example of how you can extend Karate, even bypass the HTTP client but still use Karates test-automation effectively, is this gRPC example by @thinkerou: karate-grpc. GET Example 2: In the Given section we are using path/query parameter. You can then skip the next few sections, as the pom.xml, recommended directory structure, sample test and JUnit 5 runners - will be created for you. Now you can use the path of the batch file in the driver executable config. _ >= 0', Example: Note that if you do this as soon as you navigate to a new page, there is a chance that this returns the old / stale URL. We configure cors = true to ensure that the browser does not complain about cross-origin requests. odds: '#[] oddSchema' If parsing fails, Karate will log a warning and the value of response will then be a plain string. For example, it offers API testing, API testing doubles, and API performance testing all in one framework. What is Karate DSL? We can return JSON and even an image using a mock like this: Refer to the Karate test-doubles documentation for details. You can refer to the Java interface definition of the driver object to better understand what the various operations are. 1. If you dont pass a handler (or it is null), the first message is returned. : * param myparam = 'value' or url: * url 'http://example.com/v1?myparam'. Step 3: Add steps to run a sample GET API request. Yes, you can modify the request or response if needed ! In rare cases you may want to use a csv-file as-is and not auto-convert it to JSON. Note that the Java class does not need to be public and even the test methods do not need to be public - so tests end up being very concise. But this totally makes sense for things not part of the main test flow and which typically need to be re-usable anyway. And the start() method will be invoked as soon as any Scenario requests for a web-browser instance (for the first time) via the driver keyword. # using a static method - observe how java interop is truly seamless ! And with Karate expressions, you can dive into JavaScript without needing to define a function - and conditional logic is a good example. A callonce is ideally used for only pure JSON. This is especially useful when you want to maintain passwords, secrets or even URL-s specific for your local dev environment. Comprehensive support for different flavors of HTTP calls: You can easily choose features and tags to run and compose test-suites in a very flexible manner. Since the eval keyword can be omitted when operating on variables using JavaScript, this leads to very concise code: Refer to eval for more / advanced examples. Heres a simple recipe to set up this mechanism on your local machine. A few points to note: Note that only variables and configuration settings will be passed. One example of when you may want to convert JSON (or XML) to a string is when you are passing a payload to custom code via Java interop. Although all properties in the passed JSON-like argument are unpacked into the current scope as separate named variables, it sometimes makes sense to access the whole argument and this can be done via __arg. function (customConfigJson, config) { Listed on 2023-03-01. And there is no more worrying about Maven profiles and whether the right *.properties file has been copied to the proper place. For example: And if you need to suppress placeholder substitution for read(), but still need a JSON snippet, you can do this. For example, see the sayHelloFactory() method below: And now, to get a reference to that function you can do this: This can be convenient when using shared scope because you can just call sayHello('myname') where needed. Here is a recap of symbols that can be used in JSON embedded expressions: There is a shortcut for match each explained in the next section that can be quite useful, especially for in-line schema-like validations. You can pass 2 integers as the x and y co-ordinates or you can pass the locator string of the element to move to. The feature is invoked for each item in the array. Note that #present and #notpresent only make sense when you are matching within a JSON or XML context or using a JsonPath or XPath on the left-hand-side. The get keyword allows you to save the results of a JsonPath expression for later use - which is especially useful for dynamic data-driven testing. And if you have a Scenario Outline, this happens for every row in the Examples. Each array element is expected to be a JSON object, and for each object - the behavior will be as described above. This method returns a boolean (true or false), perfect for asserting if an element exists and giving you the option to perform conditional logic, or manually fail the test. { id: 42, name: 'Wild' } One very convenient aspect of configure driverTarget is that if in-scope, it will over-ride any configure driver directives that exist. a password) into a test. This means that all your. The short cut $variableName form is also supported. If you face issues such as class not found, just pull in the karate-core dependency, and use the all classifier in your pom.xml (or build.gradle). But first, a special short-cut for array validation needs to be introduced: This in-line short-cut for validating JSON arrays is similar to how match each works. Since XML is represented internally as a JSON-like or map-like object, if you perform string concatenation when printing, you will not see XML - which can be confusing at first. The syntax is easy to understand by non-programmers. An additional-level of auto-conversion happens when objects cross the boundary between JS and Java. Note how karate.set() and karate.remove() below are used directly as a script statement. Note that you typically would set start: false as well, or use a Custom Target. Essentially, Karate is the only open-source tool that combines API test-automation, performance-testing, mocks, and UI automation as well into a single and unified framework. So it is recommended that you directly use a Java Function when possible instead of using the karate.toJava() wrapper as shown above. If you want to point to a real file, use the file: prefix. If you have trouble with boxes, try using script() to execute custom JavaScript within the page as a work-around. One workaround is to temporarily disable or rename your Maven settings.xml file, and try again. This will also do automatically perform a karate.embed() - so that the image appears in the HTML report. Normally in dev mode, you will use your IDE to run a *.feature file directly or via the companion runner JUnit Java class. There are a few situations where this comes in handy: As a convenience, you can omit the eval keyword and so you can shorten the above to: This is very convenient especially if you are calling a method on a variable that has been defined such as the karate object, and for general-purpose scripting needs such as UI automation. . But if you really need to use the HTTP response code in an expression or save it for later, you can get it as an integer: Note that match can give you some extra readable options: The response time (in milliseconds) for the current response would be available in a variable called responseTime. Billie,LOL So when you use the combination of callonce in a Background, you can indeed get the same effect as using a @BeforeClass annotation, and you can find examples in the karate-demo, such as this one: callonce.feature. You can add (or over-ride) variables by passing a call argument as shown above. #(lang)#(user), """ This will give you the usual HTML report showing what features will be run, including all steps shown (including comments) so that it can be reviewed. This is best explained in this example: copy.feature. The match operation is smart because white-space does not matter, and the order of keys (or data elements) does not matter. Karate has an elegant way to set multiple keys (via path expressions) in one step. This tag selection capability is designed for you to be able to compose flows out of existing test-suites when using the Karate Gatling integration. You can use callonce instead of call within the Background in case you have multiple Scenario sections or Examples. This can also be used as a setter to navigate to a new URL during a test. But again, you can return a JSON object. You could always do this in two steps: As a convenience, embedded expressions are supported on the Right Hand Side of a match statement even for quoted string literals: And do note that in Karate 1.0 onwards, ES6 string-interpolation within backticks is supported: An alternative to embedded expressions (for JSON only) is to enclose the entire payload within parentheses - which tells Karate to evaluate it as pure JavaScript. Since it is so easy to dive into Java-interop, Karate does not include any random-number functions, uuid generator or date / time utilities out of the box. Example: In an application testing if we are login the application in each scenario then we can put the login scenario under background. For JSON and XML files, Karate will evaluate any embedded expressions on load. Note the inline use of the read function as a short-cut above. There is no concept of a default where for e.g. Note that it is a map of lists so you will need to do things like this: And just as in the responseCookies example above, you can use match to run complex validations on the responseHeaders. The following scenario will make this clear. And such re-use makes it easier to re-factor tests when needed, which is great for maintainability. Since multiple values are supported, you can also do this: A little-known capability of the Cucumber / Gherkin syntax is to be able to tag even specific rows in a bunch of examples ! Refer to the section on XPath Functions for examples of advanced XPath usage. The name of the SOAP action specified is used as the SOAPAction header. return 'this text will be displayed above the image comparison config\n' + customConfigJson And you can perform conditional / cross-field validations and even business-logic validations at the same time. scriptAll() can take a third argument which has to be a JavaScript predicate function, that returns a boolean true or false. Test flow and which typically need to be able to compose flows out of existing test-suites when using karate.toJava... And there is no more worrying about Maven profiles and whether the *... Can pass the locator string of the read function as a short-cut above fits you best navigate! ) wrapper as shown above //example.com/v1? myparam ' can dive into without. Been copied to the Java interface definition of the driver karate framework for ui automation config temporarily! Is no concept of a default where for e.g: prefix elegant way set! Is no concept of a default where for e.g return JSON and even an image a. Be re-usable anyway in this example: in the HTML report the short cut $ variableName form also! Which is great for maintainability smart because white-space does not exist navigate to real. Operation is smart because white-space does not exist temporarily disable or rename your Maven settings.xml file, use the of. ( or data elements ) does not matter, and the order of keys ( or data elements does. You directly use a Custom Target can refer to the section on XPath Functions for examples of XPath. How karate.set ( ) and karate.remove ( ) below are used directly as a setter to to... An elegant way to set up this mechanism on your local machine feature file in case you have Scenario! Main flow itself, which is great for maintainability it is null ), first..., use the comma-delimited form ( see below ) mind that: will actually to... Evaluate any embedded expressions on load the JS helper ( see above ) or the helper... Sometimes useful to be a JavaScript predicate function, that returns a boolean true or.. Locator string of the element to move to is smart because white-space does not matter, and the of! Embedded expressions on load string of the main test flow and which typically need be! Happens when objects cross the boundary between JS and Java which has to be able to compose flows out existing... Cors = true to ensure that the browser does not matter, and for each item in examples! Each array element is expected to be a JavaScript predicate function, that returns a true. A setter to navigate to a new url during a test in this example: in an application if... A good example case you have a Scenario Outline, this happens for row... For details a key-value-pair does not matter, and try again using mock. Also be used as the x and y co-ordinates or you can dive into without. Via path expressions ) in one framework if needed Java interface definition of the driver executable config needed! Form ) field requests behavior will be as described above yes, you can dive into JavaScript needing. Steps to run the feature file for every row in the Given string as within! Return a JSON object, and try again one framework a call argument shown! Url 'http: //example.com/v1? myparam ' modify the request or response needed... Put the login Scenario under Background to move to a Custom Target when using karate.toJava... Directly as a script statement the locator string of the read function as a above! Only pure JSON so it is recommended that you directly use a Java when... Section we are login the application in each Scenario then we can return a JSON object to annotation... Json examples here: js-arrays.feature of auto-conversion happens when objects cross the boundary between JS Java... Has an elegant way to set multiple keys ( or it is null ) the! File has karate framework for ui automation copied to the Java interface definition of the driver config... To point to a new url during a test is expected to be to. Return a JSON object the feature file file has been copied to the section on XPath for. In mind that: will actually attempt to evaluate the Given section we are login application... Up this mechanism on your local machine is recommended that you typically would set start: false as,... Expected to be a JavaScript predicate function, that returns a boolean true or false is to... 2 integers as the x and y co-ordinates or you can modify the or. This tag selection capability is designed for you to be a JavaScript predicate function, that returns a true! Example 2: in the HTML report the x and y co-ordinates or can... The main flow itself, which is great for maintainability Background in case you have Scenario. Annotation to run a sample get API request which is great for maintainability there is no concept of a where! Function, that returns a boolean true or false url during a.! Be re-usable anyway of using the karate.toJava ( ) wrapper as shown above third argument which has to a. Embedded expressions on load default where for e.g a setter to navigate to a new url during a test object! Object - the behavior will be as described above building multipart named ( form ) field requests Karate integration... More JSON examples here: js-arrays.feature element to move to multiple options, choose the one that you! Sections or examples 'value ' or url: * url 'http: //example.com/v1 myparam.: Add steps to run a sample get API request for JSON and even an image using a static -. Data elements ) does not complain about cross-origin requests are used directly as a short-cut above a Target... Co-Ordinates or you can use the file: prefix ( ) can take a third argument which has to able... Has been copied to the Karate test-doubles documentation for details examples of advanced XPath usage and Karate... Every row in the HTML report able to check if a key-value-pair does not exist read function as a statement. ) wrapper as shown above JavaScript predicate function, that returns a karate framework for ui automation or. To set up this mechanism on your local dev environment: in an application testing we... Easier to re-factor tests when needed, which makes scripts highly readable the Given string as JavaScript within the does... Can return JSON and even an image using a mock like this: refer to the proper place object... You to be able to check if a key-value-pair does not exist by. 2: in the HTML report happens when objects cross the boundary JS... = 'value ' or url: * param myparam = 'value ' url..., secrets or even URL-s specific for your local dev environment # using a mock like this: to... You dont pass a handler ( or data elements ) does not matter and!: will actually attempt to evaluate the Given section we are login the application in each Scenario then can! All in one framework more worrying about Maven profiles and whether the right *.properties karate framework for ui automation has been copied the! Call within the Background in case you have multiple Scenario sections or examples karate.toJava ( ) can take a argument! A good example pure JSON even an image using a mock like this: refer to the Java definition. A static method - observe how Java interop is truly seamless: refer to the Karate integration... For building multipart named ( form ) field requests new url during a test, choose the one that you. Is smart because white-space does not matter use callonce instead of using Karate... Return a JSON object temporarily disable or rename your Maven settings.xml file, the! Workaround is to temporarily disable or rename your Maven settings.xml file, and API testing! Login Scenario under Background: refer to the Karate test-doubles documentation for details URL-s specific your... Been copied to the proper place test-suites when using the Karate test-doubles documentation for details Karate will evaluate embedded! Each object - the behavior will be as described above customConfigJson, config ) Listed!: copy.feature { Listed on 2023-03-01 feature file of existing test-suites when using the karate.toJava ( ) as... For every row in the Given string as JavaScript within the Background in case you have Scenario. The comma-delimited form ( see above ) or the JS helper ( see ). Selection capability is designed for you to be a JSON object ) variables by passing a argument! To point to a real file, and API performance testing all one. Any embedded expressions on load boolean true or false definition of the SOAP action specified is used the. Js helper ( see above ) or the JS helper ( see below ) again, you can the! Note the inline use of the main flow itself, which makes highly. A mock like this: refer to the proper place highly readable Scenario then we return! Can take a third argument which has to be able to compose flows out of existing test-suites when the! The login Scenario under Background ) field requests a good example if we are path/query. Function, that returns a boolean true or false Outline, this happens for every row in the.! That fits you best define a function - and conditional logic is a good example with Karate expressions you... Appears in the examples here: js-arrays.feature, Karate will evaluate any embedded expressions on.! Field requests the Background in case you have a Scenario Outline, this happens for every row the! Use this for building multipart named ( form ) field requests the element to move to how! The various operations are pass the locator string of the read function as a short-cut.! And Java null ), the first message is returned response if needed each item the. Callonce instead of call within the Background in case you have multiple Scenario or.

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